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    The State of our Union’s 21st Century Workforce

    Mon, 02/06/2012 - 14:45 EDT - US Department of Commerce Blog
    • Economics and Statistics Administration
    • RDF10
    • STEM

    Recent and Projected Growth in STEM and Non-STEM Employment

    In his State
    of the Union address, President Obama laid out an ambitious goal to train 2
    million workers with the necessary skills to land a job.  What are those skills in a 21st
    century economy?  As we have written previously
    in this blog
    , the fields of science,
    technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) play a critical role in America’s
    global economic leadership and are vital to securing the highest quality jobs
    of the future, to decreasing the gender wage gap, and to ensuring America
    retains global economic leadership through innovation and technology.  STEM & Employment

    In 2010, 7.6
    million people or 1 in 18 workers held STEM jobs.  (Watch
    this space for an update as 2011 data become available.
    )  Although STEM employment makes up a small
    fraction of total employment, STEM employment grew rapidly from 2000 to 2010,
    increasing 7.9 percent while employment in non-STEM jobs grew just 2.6 percent
    over this period.  (See Figure 1.) The Bureau
    of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that STEM jobs will continue growing at a
    fast clip relative to other occupations: 17.0 percent between 2008-2018 (BLS’
    most recent projection
    ), compared to just 9.8 percent for non-STEM jobs.STEM & Education

    One of the
    more striking characteristics of STEM workers is their educational
    attainment.  More than two-thirds (68
    percent) have a college degree or more, compared to just under one-third (31
    percent) of other workers age 16 and over. 
    Nearly one quarter (23 percent) have completed an associate’s degree or
    at least some college.  Just 9 percent
    have a high school diploma or less.  Thus
    the majority of STEM workers tend to be college educated, but opportunities also
    exist for STEM workers with fewer years of study.Table 1.  Average hourly earnings
    of full-time private wage and salary workers in STEM occupations by educational
    attainment in 2010

     

    Average hourly earnings

    Difference

     

    STEM

    Non-STEM

    Dollars

    Percent

    High school diploma or less

    $24.82

    $15.55

    $9.27

    59.6%

    Some college or associate
    degree

    $26.63

    $19.02

    $7.61

    40.0%

    Bachelor's degree only

    $35.81

    $28.27

    $7.54

    26.7%

    Graduate degree

    $40.69

    $36.22

    $4.47

    12.3%

     

     

     

     

     

    Source:  ESA calculations using Current Population
    Survey public-use microdata.STEM & Gender

    As we beat the
    drum about the vital role of STEM in the 21st Century economy and
    the highest quality quality jobs of the future, the importance of gender – specifically
    of encouraging more women to move into STEM fields – cannot be overstated.  As we have written previously, these jobs bring women closer to wage parity than
    non-STEM fields: indeed, women with STEM jobs earn nearly one third more than
    their counterparts. Yet women remain vastly underrepresented in the STEM workforce
    as well as among STEM degree holders -- despite making up nearly half of the
    U.S. workforce and half of the college-educated workforce. It is imperative we
    seize this opportunity and expand STEM employment in the United States, for a
    variety of compelling reasons not the least of which is improving our nation’s
    competitiveness. A few facts about women and STEM:

    • Although women
      fill close to half of all jobs in the U.S. economy, they hold less than 25
      percent of STEM jobs. This has been the case throughout the past decade, even
      as college-educated women have increased their share of the overall workforce.
    • Women with STEM
      jobs earned 33 percent more than comparable women in non-STEM jobs –
      considerably higher than the STEM premium for men. As a result, the gender wage
      gap is smaller in STEM jobs than in non-STEM jobs.
    • Women hold a
      disproportionately low share of STEM undergraduate degrees, particularly in
      engineering.
    • Women with a
      STEM degree are less likely than their male counterparts to work in a STEM
      occupation; they are more likely to work in education or healthcare.

    There are many
    possible factors contributing to the discrepancy of women and men in STEM jobs,
    including: a lack of female role models, gender stereotyping, and less
    family-friendly flexibility in the STEM fields. Regardless of the causes, the
    solution is clear: to encourage and support women in STEM . 

    Gender Shares of Total and STEM Jobs, 2009

    • Original article
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    Related

    • Acting Deputy Commerce Secretary Rebecca Blank Highlights Skills Initiatives in Madison, Wisconsin

      President Obama recently laid out plans in his State of the Union address to foster an economy that’s built to last by ensuring that America has the highly skilled workers necessary for 21st century jobs. Yesterday, Acting Deputy Commerce Secretary Rebecca Blank traveled to Madison, Wisconsin, where she visited the Madison Area Technical College, a training ground for students that leads directly to skilled manufacturing jobs nationwide. Blank met with students and sat in on a training class focused on hybrid vehicle technology. Blank also delivered remarks on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce training and met with business and university leaders. Commerce’s Economic Development Administration recently teamed up with Madison College to provide mobile technical training opportunities both on-campus and throughout the region. The training focused on advanced manufacturing and automotive technology.Blank also visited with several business and academic leaders, who are vital partners in the area of technical training at the Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery.

    • Women in STEM: An Opportunity and An Imperative

    • Economics and Statistics Administration released new report on STEM: Good Jobs Now and For the Future

    • How Technology Has Changed Economies and Demand for Degree Programs

      College tuition is often the single-most expensive burden American families have to shoulder. In the Cara Community tradition of providing readers with timely advice and financial planning tips, this article -- written by education policy expert Sophia Foster -- takes a hard look at what rising college costs mean for students and families, and offers a number of ways to make the investment produce returns in our still-dragging economy.

    • ESA: Education Supports Racial and Ethnic Equality in STEM

    • Acting Secretary Blank Applauds Steamfitters’ Job Training as Key to Building a 21st Century Economy

      This morning, Acting Secretary Blank joined U.S. Representatives Chaka Fattah and Allyson Schwartz on a tour of the job training facilities of Steamfitters Local 420 in Philadelphia, where classes are held for apprentices and journeyworkers to develop and improve their skills so they can better serve clients and become qualified for a broader range of employment opportunities.

    • Women and STEM: My Perspective, and My Story

      Guest blog post by Jane Lubchenco, Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA AdministratorLast week, as the administration and Congress agreed on a debt ceiling deal, those of us in the science world were reminded of another looming deficit: the lack of women with jobs – and education – in science, engineering, technology and mathematics (STEM). According to the “Women and STEM” report issued by Commerce’s Economic and Statistics Administration (ESA), nearly half of U.S. jobs are filled by women, yet they hold less than 25 percent of STEM jobs. This is despite the fact that women with STEM jobs earn 33 percent more than women in other fields. A country, especially one in the throes of tough economic times, needs all of the skilled brainpower it has to “win the future.”  Science and technological innovation have a key role to play in creating jobs, stimulating a robust economy and creating durable solutions to tough problems.  Women and people of color have more to offer than is currently being tapped.  Since the ESA report focuses on women, I’ll do the same here. We at NOAA are doing our best to identify, hire, promote and engage talented people. I am surrounded by women in all stages of their careers who are pursuing their passions for science and science policy. We have a history of distinguished women scientists working at NOAA and continue to actively seek new talent. In addition, women of distinction also fill the uppermost ranks of the NOAA leadership team. What differentiates NOAA from other science-based institutions, and what attracts budding scientists and students to NOAA? One obvious answer is our mission to create and use cutting-edge science to provide services and stewardship—our weather, climate and ocean science enterprises. Kids are especially intrigued and excited by weather and climate as “see and feel” phenomena that touch them daily. The same can be said for the ocean, which like space, is a largely unexplored frontier that offers the promise of adventure and discovery. This is, in fact, what hooked me.

    • Join Chief Economist Mark Doms and Gardner Carrick of The Manufacturing Institute for a Twitter Chat on Manufacturing Jobs on Friday

      Following the release of the Economic and Statistics Administration’s “The Benefits of Manufacturing Jobs” report, Chief Economist Mark Doms and Gardner Carrick, Vice President of Strategic Initiatives at The Manufacturing Institute, will be holding a 30-minute Twitter chat responding to your questions about the report and the state of American manufacturing on Friday, May 11th at 1:00pm ET.

    • NOAA: Cultivating the Next Generation of STEM Workers, One Student at a Time

      You’ve probably heard the term in the news of late. “STEM jobs” in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, are the new “It” jobs. A report from Commerce’s Economics and Statistics Administration discussed recently in this blog had good news for present and future STEM workers. Among its key findings, the report notes that in the past 10 years: Growth in STEM jobs was three times greater than that of non-STEM jobs;STEM workers earn 26 percent more than their non-STEM counterparts; andJob growth in these fields will continue to grow at a faster rate than other jobs.  As the report confirms, STEM workers are driving our nation’s innovation and competitiveness and helping America “win the future” with new ideas, new businesses and new industries. Enter Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA’s mission—to understand and predict changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts, to share that knowledge and to conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and resources—is central to many of today’s greatest challenges.   Why? Climate change, extreme weather, declining biodiversity, and threatened natural resources all convey a common message: Now, more than ever, human health, prosperity and well-being depend upon the health and resilience of both natural and social ecosystems and resources. That means we need skilled hands and inspired minds to help society prepare for and respond to weather-related events, to sustain healthy and productive ecosystems and to ensure resilient coastal communities and economies.

    • Huge Gender Degree Gap at Ages 22-23: National Crisis, Title IX, Government Funding? Probably Not

      According to a report released this week

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